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Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland, on 5–16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, and return normalizing relations with defeated Germany (which was, by this time, the Weimar Republic). Ratifications for the Locarno treaties were exchanged in Geneva on 14 September 1926, and on the same day they became effective. The treaties were also registered in the ''League of Nations Treaty Series'' on the same day.〔''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 54, pp. 290–301.〕
Locarno divided borders in Europe into two categories: western, which were guaranteed by Locarno treaties, and eastern borders of Germany with Poland, which were open for revision, thus leading to Germany's renewed claims to the German-populated Free City of Danzig and mixed ethnic Polish territories approved by the League of Nations including the Polish Corridor, and Upper Silesia.〔Gustav Stresemann during the Locarno negotiations. (''Locarno Treaties''. Chronology. ) ''See:'' Google Books preview of ''The Weimar Republic'' By Eberhard Kolb: "By the Locarno treaty Germany...reserved her claim for a revision of the eastern frontier" ( (page 64). ) Routledge, 2005. ISBN 0-415-34442-5.〕〔Stephen A. Schuker, ( "The End of Versailles". Page 38–49. ) In Gordon Martel, ''The origins of the Second World War reconsidered'' by ''Routledge,'' 1999. Google Books preview: "Stresemann sought to recover Danzig, the Polish Corridor, and Upper Silesia" ((page 48), ) "the treaties were meant to open the way for territorial revision" ( (page 49). ) ISBN 0-415-16324-2.〕〔"For me, Locarno means opening the possibility of taking back from Poland of German provinces in the east" Gustav Stresemann〕〔Henryk Samsonowicz, ''Historia Polski'', Tom 2, page 45 "Chciano rzucić Polskę na kolana, wymusić na niej ustępstwa terytorialne." ''Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN'' 2007〕〔(Wojna celna (The custom's war with Poland) ), ''PWN Biznes'' 〕
==Background==
The Locarno discussion arose from exchanges of notes between the British Empire, France and Germany over the summer of 1925 following German foreign minister Gustav Stresemann's 9 February proposal for a reciprocal of his country's western frontiers as established under the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, as a means of facilitating Germany's diplomatic rehabilitation among the Western Powers.
At least one of the main reasons Britain promoted the Locarno Pact of 1925, besides to promote Franco-German reconciliation, was because of the understanding that if Franco-German relations improved, France would gradually abandon the ''Cordon sanitaire'', as the French alliance system in Eastern Europe was known between the wars.〔Schuker, Stephen “The End of Versailles” pages 38–56 from ''The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered'' edited by Gordon Martel Routledge: London, United Kingdom, 1999 pages 48–49.〕 If France were to abandon its allies in Eastern Europe, the Poles and Czechoslovaks, having no Great Power to protect them from Germany, would be forced to adjust to German demands; in the British viewpoint, they would be expected to peacefully hand over the territories claimed by Germany such as the Sudetenland, the Polish Corridor, and the Free City of Danzig (modern Gdańsk, Poland).〔Schuker, Stephen “The End of Versailles” pages 38–56 from ''The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered'' edited by Gordon Martel Routledge: London, United Kingdom, 1999pages 48–49.〕 In this way, promoting territorial revisionism in Eastern Europe in Germany’s favor was one of the principal British objects of Locarno.
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